Tugas Bahasa Inggris 2

Pengertian Adverbial Clause

Adverbial clause adalah dependent clause yang berfungsi sebagai adverb (kata keterangan) dan memberikan informasi tentang verb, adjective, atau adverb yang berada pada independent clause dengan kapasitasnya menjawab pertanyaan: how, when, where, why, atau to what degree. 

Adverbial clause dimulai dengan suatu kata yang disebut subordinate conjunction (when, after, because, though, etc). Kata ini berguna untuk menjembatani hubungan dengan independent clause yang diterangkan. Gabungan klausa ini dengan independent clause dinamakan dengan complex sentence, yaitu kalimat yang terdiri dari independent dan satu atau lebih dependent clause.

Macam-macam adverbial clause antara lain: adverbial clause of time (waktu), place (tempat), cause & effect (sebab & akibat), purpose & result (tujuan & hasil), condition (pengandaian), contrast/consession (pertentangan), manner (cara), dan reason (alasan).

Contoh Adverbial Clause:

Complex Sentence	Keterangan
When he cleaned the kitchen, he found a lot of expired food. (Dia membersihkan dapur ketika dia menemukan banyak makanan kadaluarsa.)	When= subordinate conjunction; When he cleaned the kitchen= adverbial clause; he found a lot of expired food= independent clause

Rumus Adverbial Clause

Rumus complex sentence dan adverbial clause adalah sebagai berikut.

 

Complex Sentence:

Independent Clause (S + V +/- …)* + Adverbial Clause

Adverbial Clause:

Subordinate Conjunction + S + V +/- …

*S + V +/- … = predicate

Punctuation (Tanda Baca) pada Adverbial Clause

Adverbial clause dapat berada di awal kalimat, kemudian diikuti oleh independent clause. Sebaliknya, independent clause dapat berada di awal kalimat, kemudian diikuti oleh adverbial clause. Jika berada di awal, diujung klausa ini diberi tanda baca koma.

Contoh Complex Sentence:

• Di awal: Because I had free time, I visited your house.
• Di akhir: I visited your house because I had free time. (Saya mengunjungi rumahmu karena saya punya waktu luang.)

Fungsi dan Contoh Kalimat Adverbial Clause

Fungsi dan contoh kalimat adverbial clause adalah sebagai berikut.

Fungsi	Contoh Kalimat Adverbial Clause	Keterangan
memberikan informasi tentang verb	You were sleeping when she arrived. (Dia tiba ketika kamu sedang tertidur.)	verb= were sleeping; subordinate conjunction= when; adverbial clause= when she arrived
memberikan informasi tentang adjective	Her face is fresh because she always does exercise and eats fruits. (Wajahnya segar karena dia selalu berolahraga dan makan buah-buahan.)	adjective= fresh; subordinate conjunction= because; adverbial clause= because she always does exercise and eats fruits
memberikan informasi tentang adverb	He drove fast in order that he could arrive on time. (Dia mengemudi dengan cepat agar dia dapat tiba tepat waktu.)	adverb= fast; subordinate conjunction= in order that; adverbial clause= in order that he could arrive on time

Adjective Clauses

Adjective clauses modify nouns or pronouns. An adjective clause nearly always appears immediately following the noun or pronoun.

To test for adjective clauses there are a couple of questions that you can ask. Which one? What kind? Most adjective clauses begin with "who," "whom," "which," or "that." Sometimes the word may be understood. The words "that" or "who," for example, might not specifically be in the sentence, but they could be implied. To determine the subject of a clause ask "who?" or "what?" and then insert the verb.

Example:

• The book that is on the floor should be returned to the library.

Occasionally, an adjective clause is introduced by a relative adverb, usually "when," "where," or "why."

Example:

• Home is the place where you relax.

Adverb Clauses

Adverb clauses usually modify verbs, in which case they may appear anywhere in a sentence. They tell why, where, under what conditions, or to what degree the action occurred or situation existed. Unlike adjective clauses, they are frequently movable within the sentence.

Example:

• When the timer rings, we know the cake is done. OR
• We know the cake is done when the timer rings.

Adverb clauses always begin with a subordinating conjunction. Subordinating conjunctions introduce clauses and express their relation to the rest of the sentence.

Noun Clauses

Noun clauses are not modifiers, so they are not subordinators like adjectives and adverbs, and they cannot stand alone. They must function within another sentence pattern, always as nouns. A noun clause functions as a subject, subject complement, direct object, or object of a preposition.

A noun clause usually begins with a relative pronoun like "that," "which," "who," "whoever," "whomever," "whose," "what," and "whatsoever." It can also begin with the subordinating conjunctions "how," "when," "where," "whether," and "why."

Example:

• Whoever wins the game will play in the tournament.

IF CONDITIONAL SENTENCE (IF CLAUSE)

Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to express that the action in the main clause (without if) can only take place if a certain condition (in the clause with if) is fulfilled. 

Kalimat kondisional juga dikenal sebagai Klausa Kondisional. Digunakan untuk mengungkapkan bahwa aksi dalam klausa utama (tanpa if) hanya dapat terjadi jika kondisi tertentu (dalan klausa dengan if) terpenuhi.

There are three types of Conditional Sentences:

Conditional Sentence Type 1

Used when the condition is possible and very likely will be fulfilled.

Usage of the First conditional

1. Nature: Open condition, what is said in the condition is possible.
2. Time: This condition refers either to present or to future time.
   e.g. If he is late, we will have to go without him.
   If my mother knows about this, we are in serious trouble.

Examples: Jika	Kondisi	Hasil
	present simple	WILL + base verb
If	I see Harry	I will call him.
If	Tara is not sick tomorrow	I will invite her to my party.
If	I graduate this year	I will go to Singapore for holiday.
If	it rains tomorrow	will you stay in my house?
If	Henri bring me the book	I will study hard.

Examples:

Hasil	Jika	Kondisi
WILL + base verb		present simple
I will call Harry.	if	I see him.
I will invite Tara to my party.	if	She is not sick tomorrow
I will go to Singapore for holiday	if	it doesn’t rain tomorrow
I will study hard.	if	Henri bring me the book

Conditional Sentence Type 2

Used when the condition is possible but very unlikely that it will be fulfilled.

Usage of Second conditional

1. Nature: unreal (impossible) or improbable situations.
2. Time: present; the TENSE is past, but we are talking about the present, now.
   e.g. If I knew her name, I would tell you.
   If I were you, I would tell my father.

Examples: Jika	Kondisi	Hasil
	past simple	WOULD + base verb
If	I married Tika	I would live happily.
If	Rai became a politician	He would be president.
If	my friend came here	would you be surprised?
If	Riana told my father	what would we do?

result	IF	condition
WOULD + base verb		past simple
I would live happily.	if	I married Tika
He would be president.	if	Rai became a politician
would you be surprised	if	my friend came here
what would we do	if	Riana told my father

Conditional Sentence Type 3

Used when the condition is impossible that it will be fulfilled because it refers to the past.

Usage of the Third conditional

1. Nature: unreal
2. Time: Past (so we are talking about a situation that was not so in the past.)
   e.g. If you had warned me, I would not have told your father about that party.(But you didn't, and I have).

Examples:  Jika	Kondisi	Hasil
	past perfect	WOULD have + past participle
If	I had married Tika	I would have lived happily.
If	Rai had become a politician	He would have been a president.
If	my friend had come here	he would have given us a delicious pizza
If	Riana had told my father	we would have a big problem

 

Hasil	Jika	Kondisi
WOULD have + past participle		past perfect
I would have lived happily.	If	I had married Tika
Rai would have been a president.	If	He had become a politician
My friend would have given us a delicious pizza	If	he had come here
we would have a big problem	If	Riana had told my father

SUMBER:

- http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-rumus-contoh-kalimat-adverbial-clauses

- http://geurimja.blogspot.com/2015/05/if-conditional-sentence-if-clause.html?m=1